The
process of aging received a lot of scientific attention in the last
few years and many depressing myths, assumptions about old age, have
to be challenged as a result. Growing, and being, old involves much
more than bodily changes: it involves intellectual and emotional functioning,
and social relationships and how society regards its older members and
why.
Physiological
Changes
The majority of people with severe learning difficulties do not have
major life-shortening disabilities: there are innumerable causes of
mental handicap, some with physical effects, most without. Older people
who are mentally handicapped are subject to the whole range of medical
problems, which appear with increasing age: hearing loss, cataracts,
overweight, raised blood pressure and heart disease, cancer, arthritis,
for example.
Intellectual
Changes
It is a fact that 95% of the ordinary population are not severely demented
even by 75 and even 80% of those over 80 are not severely affected.
It is possible that with the exception of one special group (Down’s
syndrome), older people with mental handicap do not differ from the
general population. But it has been recognized for a long time that
people with Down’s syndrome are very likely to age prematurely in every
way including their intellectual functioning.
Emotional
Changes
Adults with mental handicap have, as they grow older, a rope of life
which is usually thin and impoverished. Their parents experienced much
rejection by society, a great sense of guilt about their child’s condition,
and no skilled advice. The parent recognized that society did not want
their child, and that they carried the responsibility quite alone. Perhaps
the biggest deficit in the personal development of most intellectually
disabled people is in the field of social and relationship skills. Loneliness
is usually a major problem in their lives, but finding "a friend" for
them is not the total answer. Having a friend is not the same as being
a friend: this involves a two-way process that does not develop naturally
in people who have become used only to taking what others give. Learning
to build and sustain such two-way relationships involving consideration
of each other’s feelings and wishes takes skilled guidance and opportunities.
This is a life experience to be undertaken from childhood onwards, and
many people of normal intelligence find it very difficult to catch up
later.
Extracted from Chapter
15 of People with Mental Handicap by J. Hattersley |